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Turda

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Turda
— Municipality —

Coat of arms
Turda is located in Romania
Location on Romania map
Coordinates: 46°32′00″N 23°52′00″E / 46.5333333°N 23.8666667°E / 46.5333333; 23.8666667
Country Romania
County Cluj
Status Municipality
Government
- Mayor Tudor Ştefănie (Democratic Party)
Area
- Total 91.43 km2 (35.3 sq mi)
Population (July 1, 2007)[1]
- Total 57,381
- Density 627.6/km2 (1,625.5/sq mi)
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Website http://www.primturda.ro/

Turda (German: Thorenburg; Hungarian: Torda) is a city and Municipality in Cluj County, Romania, situated on the Arieş River.

History

Founded as a Dacian city under the name Patavissa [2] or Potaissa (most frequently confirmed), Turda was conquered by the Romans. The castrum established was named Potaissa too and became a municipium, then a colonia. Potaissa was the basecamp of the Legio V Macedonica from 166 to 274.

Salt mines were worked in the area since prehistoric times. After the Hungarian conquest, the Turda salt mines were first mentioned in 1075. (The salt mines were closed in 1932 but have recently been reopened for tourism.)

Saxons settled in the area in the 11th century. The town was destroyed during the Tartar invasion in 1241-1242. Andrew III of Hungary gave royal privileges to the settlement. These privileges were later confirmed by the Angevins of Hungary.

The Hungarian Diet was held here in 1467, by Matthias Corvinus. Later, in the 16th century, Turda was often the residence of the Transylvanian Diet, too. The 1558 Diet of Turda declared free practice of both the Catholic and Lutheran religions. In 1563 the Diet also accepted the Calvinist religion, and in 1568 it extended freedom to all religions, declaring that "It is not allowed to anybody to intimidate anybody with captivity or expelling for his religion" – a freedom unusual in medieval Europe. This Edict of Turda is the first attempt at legislating general religious freedom in Christian Europe (though its legal effectiveness was limited).

In 1609 Gabriel Báthori granted new privileges to Turda. These were confirmed later by Gabriel Bethlen. In the battle of Turda, Ahmed Pasha defeated George II Rákóczi in 1659.

In 1944, the Battle of Turda took place here, between German and Hungarian forces on one side and Soviet and Romanian forces on the other. It was the largest battle fought in Transylvania during World War II.

Demographics

According to the last Romanian census from 2002 there were 55,887 people living within the city.

Of this population, 84.8% are ethnic Romanians, while 10 % are ethnic Hungarians, 4.8% ethnic Roma and 0.4% others.

People

See also

International relations

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania

Twin towns — sister cities

Turda is twinned with:

Picture gallery

City Center

Town hall

History museum

The V Macedonica Legion Castrum, today

Roman Tomb

The Catholic church

Theatre

LVM brick in Potaissa

Notes

  1. ↑ "Population as of July 1, 2007" (in Romanian). INSSE. April 4, 2008. http://www.insse.ro/cms/rw/resource/populatia_stab_1%20iulie2007.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  2. ↑ Patrouissa by Ptolemy Geographia III, 8, 4, miscopied from a *Pataouissa

References

External links

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Turda